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Wednesday, March 30, 2022

Belorussian Signal Sabotage

After some initial reports back in early March, it has been more extensively reported since the Russian withdraw from the northern from that Belorussian railway workers and anti-Russian activists had been conducting extensive sabotage operations on Russian supply trains transiting their county with specific focus on the signal system as a method of causing delays without causing death or injury. 

In a previous post covering the nature of ex-Soviet railway signaling I mentioned that the rail network uses a very strongly "station based" interlocking system.  This means that most major stations (think any large community with more than 1000 residents or so) will have crossovers and multiple siding tracks as well as industrial leads and possible junctions.  Between these station interlockings are simple automatic block signals, either single or bi-directional.  The following Belorussian cab ride video shows off the system well along with what appears to be a voice enunciated cab signal system?

Anyway, most of the articles implied that the signal attacks were occurring against undefended ABS signal locations away from prying eyes.  While this would certainly cause some delays, the simple nature of the signaling involved could likely be repaired quickly or worked around with absolute block operation.  The juicer targets of interlocking relay rooms appear to be a much tougher nut to crack as unlike North American interlockings, the location of the central instrument houses is hard to determine as they are not obvious from the cab.  This implies they are in the station or one of the station's outbuildings, which would be far harder to sabotage due to the presence of the public, security personnel, railway staff or CCTV monitoring. The article even goes on to say that the attacks became harder to pull off as local security forces were put on notice.

Because of the old school nature of the signaling, most of the setup would be immune from cyberattacks with the possible exception of any CTC system that might use computer aided dispatch or public networks for communication.





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